The High Court has awarded costs to the State against plaintiffs in relation to multiple unsuccessful applications, including substitution, reopening proceedings, and a slip rule application. The court found no exceptional circumstances to justify reopening the case based on a decision of the CJEU and dismissed the plaintiffs' arguments as speculative and without legal basis.
costs order, substitution application, reopening proceedings, slip rule application, CJEU decision, Commission v. Ireland, public interest, test case, Legal Services Regulation Act 2015, costs adjudication, appeal, High Court, self-representation, default rule on costs.